The Turn of the Screw Essay Example for Free

The function of the tooshie EssayWith detailed reference to loss debates about the relationship between literature and ideology, examine the shipway in which The eddy of the sleep with can be read as reinforcing, and/or undermining dominate modes of thinking.inside this assignment, I intend on providing a detailed analysis of henry pile novel The submit Of The spang in relation to Marxists debates over the relationship of Literature and political orientation. Through this close analysis, I volition be showing the main concepts of a Marxist perspective in relation to The Turn Of The Screw and how this contributes in the creation of the whimsy of Literature and political orientation. In order to achieve this, it is crucial to gain an arrest of the notion of Literature and Ideology.In order to gain an appreciation of the term of Ideology, it would be important to reach the work conducted by Terry Eagleton1, this can be achieved with the postulatement that Ideolog y provides lucid ac aims of major Marxist thinkers, and examines the thought of non-Marxist theorists such as Schopenhauer, Nietzasche, Frued and the poststructulists2. From this, it is realistic to interpret the notion that Ideology presents a un functiond way of thinking for Eagleton and thus is presented with ideas surrounding Poststructulism3, Nietzasche4, and Schopenhauer5.In relation to the question, it is practical to betoken that through apply the ideologic perspective of Marxism, we will be examining enthalpy James novel of The Turn of the Screw from a new approach. Firstly, it is imperative that we gain an understanding of the term of Marxism and how this holds a relationship to Henry Jamess novel The Turn of the Screw.Marxism was developed by the German philosopher Karl Marx and similarly the German sociologist Frederich Engles6 (1820-95), which they themselves called their economic theories Communism (rather that Marxism), designating their belief in the enjoin ownership of industry, etc, rather than private ownership7. From this, it is executable to debate that Marxism dose have relevance in regards to Ideology, as it is presenting a new mode of thinking upon German edict.Furthermore, if we take into consideration that The simplest Marxist model of smart set sees it as constituted by a base (the material means of production, distribution, and exchange) and a superstructure, which is the cultural human being of ideas, art, religion8 it is possible to advocate that Marxist through analysis society in relation to all members of society considered as equals and thus bringing about a ground levelless society. In addition to this, he also entreatd that it is only philosophical ideas, which make up the superstructure and at that placefore underpinning his ideological belief that there is a class structure inside the society.One of the most important arguments that is raised in relation to Henry James novel The Turn of the Screw and the n otions that is associated with Marxism, it is possible to argue that Henry James is underpinning the modes of Marxism. This is clearly manifest within the image of Miles and the quotation ofShe was the most concurring(a) women Ive everknown in her position9.From this feature quotation, it is possible to argue that Miles encompasses the attributes, which reinforcing the notions of Marxism, as he is enforcing the hierarchy that exists within the class structure. The reason for this is although he is acknowledging that there a variableness of class dose exist within the context of the novel, however, through his description of her being the most agreeable women10, he is showing a likeness to the qualities that she possess within her and is automatically turn outing the social hieratic differences that exist between them both.In relation to this particular quotation, it is possible to argue that through the character of Miles, Henry James is acknowledging the work conducted by th e French structuralist Marxist, Louis Althusser11 (1918-1990). His work was generally centred on the analysis of what he termed the state and the subject and through this work he provided clear distinctions between the terms of ideologies, which he said was mainly historical and social, and ideology, which he denoted as the main structure of the society in which we live in. From this distinction, he do the acknowledgment that within civilised society, there is a need for a number of employees, which atomic number 18 first gear and middle classes and also there is a need for employers. deep down this distinction, Althusser provided the term of willing subjects for those workers who worked within manual(a) labour that were able to be employed by the employers and provided them with the term of intervention. From this it is possible to see that through the use of interpolation, we do take into consideration class structures, as it ultimately defining the differences from Workin g Classes and Middle Classes. Because of this factor, it is possible to say that it is showing the binary opposition of the notion of Marxism and therefore it is showing a new Ideology.In regards to Henry James novel The Turn of the Screw, it is possible to suggest that the term of Interpellation is evident through the representation of the servants at Bly in comparison to such characters as the Master and Miss Jessel, this is clearly evident within the quotation ofMrs. Grose, since then, in a way of manners andthings, had done as she could for Flora and therewere, further, a cook, a housemaid, a diarywoman, anold woman, an old groom and an old gardener, all likewise thoroughly respectable.12From this particular quotation, it is possible to argue that it is clearly demonstrating the concept of Interpellation, as it is showing the collective representation of the on the job(p) class community within the house of Bly and also a clear distinction between themselves and the Master. In relation to the question, it is therefore possible to argue that it is disregarding the notion of Marxism. However, it is a clear reflection of Ideology and therefore it is possible to suggest that through the medium of literature, authors such as Henry James are able to express different interpretations and therefore it is possible to argue that literature on a solid is means to show ideological expression.Another important argument provided by Althusser was the meaning of wrangle, which he suggested that words do not reflect the world, but produces a perception of it. From this, it is possible to argue that term of Interpellation is another way of viewing the world. In relation to Henry James novel, The Turn Of The Screw, it is possible to argue that through the relationship that exists between Miles and the Governess, Henry James is demonstrating the notion of Interpellation, this is evident within the quotation ofI pressed again, of course, the closer for that. Youare reminded that Quint was only a base menial?13.From this particular quotation, it is possible to argue that this is clearly showing the notion of Interpellation, as it is reinforcing the class differences that exist between the characters of Miles and Quint. However, it is also possible to suggest that this particular quotation is a demonstration of the Governesses influence over Miles, as she is reinforcing the notion of Interpellation into Miles as an attempt to over-rule his own Marxist perspective on life. The reason for this might be referable to the fact that she comes from a lower class then the family, and she feels that they should not mix with the lower classes.From this, it might be important to take into consideration the work conducted by the Italian writer Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)14, in particular, the importance of Hegemony. The notion of Hegemony involves a low regime sustains power within society this can be achieved through every consent, which is the role of persuasion or enforce, which is the role of gaining power through force. This is clearly evident within Henry James novel, The Turn of the Screw, and the quotation ofHe has put them in possession of Bly, which washealthy and secure, and had placed at the head oftheir little establishment but below stairs only-an excellent women, Ms Grose15As you are able to see from the quotation that I have provided, it is possible to argue that within the household at Bly, Antonio Gramscis notion of Hegemony has been put to full effect and therefore it is creating a class rank within the novel in regards to a hierarchal structure of the household. Therefore, in relation to the original question, it is possible to argue that this particular extract of Henry James novel is undermining the dominant modes of Marxist thought, and presenting a new ideology in relation to the structure of class and society.Another issue that we might take into consideration in regards to the notions of Marxism and the characteris ation of Miles is his relationship with Quint. Through their friendship, Miles is disregarding the status structures within society and thus is being as Marxist himself, this is evident within the quotation ofIt was neither nor less then the particular factthat for a item of several months Quint andthe boy had been perpetually together.16From this particular quotation, it is possible to see the qualities in which Miles characterisation processes, which is to disregard the attributes that is associated with the class structure, and thus making it possible for his to befriend who ever he wishes. Through this, it is possible to argue that Miles is echoing the work conducted by Louis Althusser.In conclusion, it is possible to suggest that the relationship between Literature and Ideology in regards to how they comment upon Marxist debates, is that it allows the authors to choose an Ideological perspective and use their novel as a demonstration of the particular perspective. Through the use of Marxism, it is possible to suggest that we are able to comprehend the issues that are presented within Henry James novel and this allows use, the critic, to use the novel as a clear demonstration of the issues that presents the key aspects of Marxism and thus makes it easier for use to comprehend.BibliographyWithin this assignment, I have used the following books1. Peter Barry origin Theory An Introduction To Literary And Cultural Theory2002Manchester University Press2. Henry JamesThe Turn Of The Screw1992Bedford Books of St. Martins Press3. Warren MontagLouis Althusser2003Palgrave MacmillenWithin this assignment, I have used the following lucre search engines1. http//www.yahoo.com2. http//www.yahoo.co.uk3. http//www.google.co.uk/4. http//www.askjeeves.co.uk/Within this assignment, I have used the following net articles1. Terry EagletonIdeology An Introductionuniversal resource locatorhttp//www.versobooks.com/books/cdef/ef-titles/eagleton_ideology.shtml21/10/032. Marry Kl agesLouis Althussers Ideology and Ideological State ApparatusesURLhttp//www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2021Klages/1997althusser.html24/10/033. WikipediaAntonio GramsciURLhttp//en.mikipedia.org.wiki/Antonio_Gramsci24/10/034. Richard WolffIdeological State ApparatusURLhttp//dogma.free.fr/txt/RW_IdeologicalApparatuses.htm24/10/035. Louis Althussers Ideology and Ideological State ApparatusesURLhttp//www.colorado.edu/Egnlish/Engl2012Klages/althusse.html24/10/036. Daisy MillerThe Turn of the ScrewURLhttp//www.pinkmonkey.com/booknotes/barrons/turnscr2.asp24/10/037. Richard StricklandConfrontational Pedagogy and the Introductory Literature CourseURLhttp//www.english.ilstu.edu/strickland/confront.html24/10/03Word count = 16561 Terry Eagleton is Thomas Warton, Professor of English at the University of Oxford.2 This quotation was taken from an Internet article, which is fully referenced in my bibliography as number 1.3 This was an approach to literature that, proceeding from the tenets of Struct uralism, maintains that, as words have no absolute meaning, any texts is open to an unlimited amount of interpretations.4 archetype presented by Friedrich Wilhelm, mainly surrounding the concept of the Superman and the rejection of traditional Christian values.5 Notion presented by the German philosopher, he expounded the view that will is the creative primary factor and idea the secondary capable factor.6 German socialist leader and political leader. He collaborated with Marx on The Communist Manifesto (1840).7 Peter Barry (ed), Beginning Theory An Introduction To Literary And Cultural Theory, Second Edition, (Manchester University Press, Manchester, Clays Ltd, 1992) rogue 157, bank bills 9 10.8 Peter Barry (ed), Beginning Theory An Introduction To Literary And Cultural Theory, Second Edition, (Manchester University Press, Manchester, Clays Ltd, 1992) Page 157, Lines 2 3.9 Henry James, The Turn Of The Screw, (Hampshire, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1997) Page 23, Lines 14-1710 Henr y James, The Turn Of The Screw, (Hampshire, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1997) Page 23, Line 1411 French Marxist philosopher, author of For Marx (1965) and Reading Capital (1965).12 Henry James, The Turn Of The Screw, (Hampshire, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1997) Page 26, Lines 25-2813 Henry James, The Turn Of The Screw, (Hampshire, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1997) Page 23, Lines 20-2114 Information obtained from an Internet article, which is fully referenced in my bibliography as number 3.15 Henry James, The Turn Of The Screw, (Hampshire, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1997) Page 26, Lines 9-1216 Henry James, The Turn Of The Screw, (Hampshire, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1997) Page 60, Lines 10-12